PG Marketing Mix - 7333 Words

History: The Procter amp; Gamble Company, also known as Pamp;G, is an American multinational consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Its products include pet foods, cleaning agents and personal care products. In 2012, Pamp;G recorded $83.68 billion dollars in sales William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker, emigrated from England and Ireland respectively. They settled in Cincinnati initially and met when they married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, Alexander Norris, their father-in-law, called a meeting in which he persuaded his new sons-in-law to become business partners. On October 31, 1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter amp; Gamble was created. Pamp;G profile:†¦show more content†¦Its majority of consumers are unwilling to accept trade-offs in price or performance to be more sustainable. We combine this insight with a second factor called life-cycle thinking — an approach that examines the environmental impacts of our products from raw materials through manufacturing, consumer use, and disposal. This analysis helps us identify steps in the cycle where a sustainable improvement can have the most signiï ¬ cant impact. gt;gt;gt;RNEWABLE MATERIALS: OUR VISION 100 Percent Renewable or Recycled Materials in All Products and Packaging 2020 GOAL PROGRESS When we established our Renewable Materials goal, we knew that developing renewable materials would require signiï ¬ cant research to ensure that our solutions were technically, environmentally, and economically viable. Since announcing our goal, we have conducted a detailed analysis of our petroleum-derived raw materials and identiï ¬ ed the material classes that best deliver our goal. For most of these materials, we’ve established a clear development pipeline, and we are now moving toward pilot scale production of several key materials. We have already incorporated plant-based plastic in some shampoo bottles, but we anticipate the bulk of our new renewable material replacements will be commercialized between 2015 and 2020. Bottle made of up to 45% land-based materials Expanding theShow MoreRelatedProdut P Is Most Important in Marketing Mix1186 Words   |  5 PagesTHE PRODUCT ‘P’ IS ALWAYS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN THE MARKETING MIX Definition of Marketing Mix According to  Philip Kotler  -  Marketing Mix  is the combination of four elements, called the 4Ps (product, Price, Promotion, and Place), that every company has the option of adding, subtracting, or modifying in order to create a desired marketing strategy Marketing Mix was first coined by Neil Bordon, the President of the American Marketing Association in 1953 and is referred to asRead MoreMarketing Mix MKT421: Southwest Airlines1187 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing is a vital part of any business and is an integral component of selling any product. Whether the business is a small mom and pop operation or a world leader, marketing is a part of the business. Because there are many ways to fulfill the needs of the customer, a straight-forward approach is to consider the four Ps of the marketing mix. This paper will examine the marketing mix and give examples of the marketing mix as it pertains to Southwest Airlines. The four elements of the marketingRead MoreAs Paolo Decesare, What Factors Do You Need to Consider Before Deciding What to Recommend in Your Sk-Ii Presentation to the Global Leadership Team (Glt)? What Kind of Analysis Will You Need to Do in Preparing for?1306 Words   |  6 Pageshave had some priority over other products in the market will have to consider the PESTEL factors, Porter s five forces, SWOT,Marketing mix,Investment decision and the culture as well must be understood to position the product in new global market. PESTEL FACTORS This looks at the possibility of how SK-II cosmectics product can be a booming brand in Japan for Pamp;G company to grow their market share and have a profitable outcome to cover up for their loss in the last few years. Political:Read MoreA Market Analysis Focused On Procter Gamble1520 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Focusing on Procter Gamble Dorothy Dilger Herzing University November 23, 2014 A SWOT analysis is an effective tool for acquiring insight toward a company’s internal strengths and weakness, and external opportunities and threats. PG’s greatest strengths are their aggressiveness toward understanding consumer needs, strong research and development, and a diversification strategy. The company’s weaknesses are substantial competition in the consumer goods industry, and too much confidenceRead MoreMarketing Strategy Concepts, Methodology, And Theory1350 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated literatures about marketing strategy concepts, methodology, and theory, are reviewed. These concepts, theory and methodology are the foundations of research design of this work. 2.1 Marketing strategy The material world is objective while the people’s psychologies are very subjective. The same concepts from different people may mean different implications. The concepts of strategy tend to be used in many scenarios and embody different meanings. The marketing strategy also has its specificRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot, An Effective Tool For Acquiring Insight Toward A Company s Internal Strengths And Weaknesses1388 Words   |  6 PagesA SWOT analysis is an effective tool for acquiring insight toward a company’s internal strengths and weakness and external opportunities and threats. PG greatest strengths are their aggressiveness toward understanding consumer needs, strong research and development, and a diversification strategy. The company’s weaknesses are substantial competition in the consumer goods industry, and too much confidence placed in developed markets. On the other hand, there is opportunity in markets where countriesRead MoreSustainability in Au stralian Business: Principles and Practice1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relevance of Sustainability in Marketing Decision Making Introduction Sustainable marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and businesses while preserving and enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Kotler amp; Armstrong 2012, p. 582). The aim of sustainable marketing is to satisfy the customer’s the needs and wants while also putting high emphasis on the environment and the social issues and thusRead MoreWarby Parker1381 Words   |  6 PagesWarby Parker’s Outstanding Marketing Mix Jennifer Green Professor Ronald Williams Graduate Marketing 25 July 2013 Warby Parker just sold its 500,000 pair of eyeglasses. This may not seem like much to industry giants like Luxxotica, who owns Ray Ban and Oakley, but it’s a milestone Warby Parker is happy to celebrate. To understand why Warby Parker is excelling, we must first examine their marketing mix. Like a good recipe, if the marketing mix includes just the right mixtureRead MoreMarketing Mix1452 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix Michael Anderson MKT/421 May 30, 2011 Gabriel Renero According to the text-book Marketing an Introduction â€Å"Guided by marketing strategy, the company designs an integrated marketing mix made up of factors under its control—product, price, place, and promotion to find the best marketing strategy and mix† (Armstrong amp; Kotler,  2009,   p.  47). In order to understand the marketing mix one mustRead MoreThe Coca-Cola Marketing Mix1127 Words   |  5 PagesCOCA-COLA MARKETING MIX The Coca-Cola Marketing Mix 1 2 THE COCA-COLA MARKETING MIX Abstract The marketing mix is known as the 4 P’s or the product, price, place and promotion of Marketing. It is a marketing strategy that company’s use to estimate the value and determine the methods of advertising and distributing its products. Coca-Cola has been long admired for its approach to marketing. Over its 127 year history, Coca-Cola’s efforts to refine and perfect its marketing mix has allowed

Literary Analysis Of The Catcher In The Rye - 1408 Words

Literary Analysis of The Catcher in the Rye Holden’s story takes place in the 1950s. Because of this, it is necessary that the reader reads the story from multiple points of views. As Foster puts it, â€Å"don’t read with your eyes† (Foster 228) meaning that it is sometimes necessary to read from a perspective that will let you relate to and sympathize with the characters. The time period is shown many times such as when Holden goes dancing and asks a girl if she feels like â€Å"jitterbugging a little bit† (Salinger 72) referencing an iconic dance from that era. What people said and how they said it were very different in the past, and it is important to keep that in mind while reading. Salinger uses violence in his novel to develop an further†¦show more content†¦It can be assumed by these quotes that Holden was diagnosed with a mental sickness following the events he explains in the novel. This connects to Chapter 26 in Foster’s book that discusses the topic of irony. â€Å"You wouldn’t have known it had snowed at all,† (Salinger 88) he says mentioning the weather. He later adds, â€Å"it was freezing cold† (Salinger 88) needing to put on his hunting hat for warmth. It is possible that the snowing throughout the book was chosen to reflect Holden’s isolation from the rest of the world. In Chapter 10 of Foster’s book, he lists several descriptions of snow which include â€Å"an insulating blanket† and â€Å"suffocating†. This perfectly connects Holden to the setting of the story as he is always isolated and fighting for someone to listen to him. Multiple times he goes into bars to meet people and talk to them about serious things, however, he is always brushed off or ignored. Only towards the end of the novel is he finally able to confide to his sister Phoebe. The snowy winds create an isolating setting for the protagonist and his journey of self-discovery. â€Å"Boy it began to rain,† told Holden, as he watched his sister ride happily on a carousel, â€Å"in buckets I swear to God† (Salinger 212). The rain in this scene acts, as Foster put it in Chapter 18 of his book, as a â€Å"rebirth† (Foster 159) or â€Å"new identity† (Foster 159). During this scene Holden is cleansed of his past ideal and childish thoughts. He emerges as a new and more mature person. The waterShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Catcher Rye 1763 Words   |  8 PagesCarla Campbell Campbell 1 English 150 Whetstine Literary Analysis The Catcher in the Rye Catcher in the Rye starts with the main character Holden Caulfield telling us about his life. It seems that Holden is a very troubled individual that is having problems dealing with the past and perhaps the prospect of growing up. He wants to talk but not sure anyone cares to listen. He eludesRead MoreCatcher in the Rye- Holden as a Dynamic Character Essay example660 Words   |  3 PagesAlexa Noelle Mrs. Mow American Studies 27 March 2012 Analysis of Holden Caulfield Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye Holden sees the world as an evil and corrupt place, however it is clear that he gradually comes to the conclusion he cannot change it. The first instance demonstrating Holden’s progression is when he sees the profanity written all over Phoebe’s school. In this moment he finally understands that it is inevitable to enter adulthood and realizes the impossibility to tryRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Catcher In The Rye1013 Words   |  5 Pagesfor your question. My research question is: To what extent does J.D Salinger’s novel Catcher in the Rye explore the range of female potentiality in society through Holden’s interactions, thoughts and comments regarding women. This question is still in progress as I am not sure it can successfully reach and essay of 4000 words. Nevertheless, this is the topic I want to base myself around. Catcher in the Rye is a novel that every sophomore had to read as part of their curriculum. This novel wasRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12 Read MoreThe The Rye : The Expression Of Individuality1061 Words   |  5 PagesRahul Gudivada EWA2 Literary Analysis 11/9/15 The Catcher in the Rye: The Expression of Individuality In the bildungsroman Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger employs the struggle of individuality, inevitable maturation, and the childhood corruption of adulthood to reveal Holden’s alienation from society. Throughout the novel Holden is rejected and exploited by the society around him. As he is conflicted with himself to find a purpose in life he constantly tries to connect with a superficial societyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Sound And The Fury 1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a modern novel focused on identity. The novel focuses around the life of a confused young man named Holden who is lost in his adolescents and struggling to find his way into adulthood. The Sound and The Fury written by William Faulkner, is a novel that takes place in Mississippi and follows the decline of the Compson family. The construction of the novel is split into four different parts, where each one is narrated by a different character. Benjy, JasonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Holden Talks With Mr. Spencer Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis: This quote is from the part when Holden talks with Mr. Spencer. Since Holden failing all his classes except one, Mr. Spencer is advising Holden about the importance and the impact of his actions in his life. Holden’s perception of adults is depicted when he curses Mr. Spencer in his mind. By nodding silently to Mr. Spencer’s words, Holden actually disrespects adults. We can ea sily perceive that Holden feels alienated when Mr. Spencer tells him that he is one of those people on â€Å"the otherRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 PagesThe Misfit Hero of The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden CaulfieldRead MoreA Psychological Interpretation: the Irony of Holden Caulfield’s Inner Conflict with Society2496 Words   |  10 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, a novel written by J. D. Salinger is a story about a unique yet troubled boy named Holden Caulfield. Salinger masterfully depicts the story’s protagonist as a well rounded character who feels the full range of emotions. Holden is consumed by the desire to live in a world where he can play the hero and surround himself with love and acceptance. Holden’s need for love and belonging, however, creates an irony because it provokes an intense aversion to society that pushes HoldenRead MoreEtymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye1967 Words   |  8 PagesNames in Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Catcher in the Ryes pallid cover, adorned only with seven multicolored bands in its upper-left corner, is not what one would call eye-catching. Its reverse side lacks criticisms or reviews of any sort; in fact, it is bare of anything except a copyright date. Human beings are advised not to judge books by their covers, rather that they should look further than the obvious and try to apprehend the implied meaning. The world has peered past Catcher in the

Hepatitis B Virus and Adeno-Associated Virus Vector

Question: Write an essay on Hepatitis B Virus and Adeno-Associated Virus Vector? Answer: A pHBV 1.3-mer WT replicon contains 1.3 copies of the HBV genome. This copy was utilized to generate the HBV fragment. However, to successfully conduct the experimental process the fragment is required to get cloned into vector of AAV. Firstly, the p-AAV need to be digested using restriction digestion enzyme Xba1 in order to generate a linear vector. On the other hand, pHBV 1.3-mer WT replicon can be digested using SacI and HindIII restriction enzyme which is ideal for inserting the fragment. Furthermore, the linearized p-AAV backbone and the pHBV 1.3-mer WT replicon can be blunted using the Klenow I. Moreover, the blunting process can be followed by using a ligation method. This ligation method is generally conducted by using the T4 ligase enzyme (Ko et al., 2014). However, there are other restriction enzymes that can also be used to digest pHBV 1.3-mer WT replicon, the donor plasmid, to get the insert the whole HBV genome. It has been noted that, in pHBV 1.3-mer WT replicon, the Nc oI resides in the open reading frame of the HBx gene, moreover this gene is represented twice in the 1.3-mer viral genome. On the other hand, PstI-NcoI restriction site is present in the downstream which can be also used to generate a monomeric circular HBV genome containing an intron-like plasmid backbone. This are the possible methods that can be implemented to digest pHBV 1.3-mer replicon to get insert the whole HBV genome and the following restriction digestion enzymes can be used to properly complete the experimental setup (Weber et al., 2014). Reference Ko, C., Lee, S., Windisch, M. P., Ryu, W. S. (2014). DDX3 DEAD-box RNA helicase is a host factor that restricts hepatitis B virus replication at the transcriptional level.Journal of virology,88(23), 13689-13698. Weber, N. D., Stone, D., Sedlak, R. H., Feelixge, H. S. D. S., Roychoudhury, P., Schiffer, J. T., ... Jerome, K. R. (2014). AAV-mediated delivery of zinc finger nucleases targeting hepatitis B virus inhibits active replication.

It230 Computer Networking Final Essay Example

It230 Computer Networking Final Essay Network Design Franklin Joel Grimes IT 230 Executive Summary This paper will help to clearly define the network design of XYZ Corporation by ABC Computing. Together we will meet your IT challenges in a seamless, highly organized fashion. What we must address together, are the following: ? What are the goals of the network design project ? What things may be assumed ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pros and cons of our proposed IT solutions ? The exact scope of our mutual project constraints Why are we having these IT changes? XYZ has grown quickly over the past few years. You have expanded to many locations and must now be capable of acting and reacting as if XYZ were in one compact, efficient location. A wide area network or WAN will allow all areas to function as if they were under one roof, sharing resources in a secure environment. Topologies, what are they? Topologies are the logical structures of the network. We need only discuss one. We will be using a star topology. That means that devices will be connected to a central routing switch in a star like fashion. What does that really mean to XYZ? We will write a custom essay sample on It230 Computer Networking Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on It230 Computer Networking Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on It230 Computer Networking Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This means lower cost of installation, simple maintenance, and ease of upgrading. The network connections will be made by way of a virtual private network. For each of you, this simply means that you not need to dial up connections. Connections will be dedicated, efficient, secure and automated. Network business applications will not be changing. The software and operating systems you are accustomed to will remain in place. The method of communications from one to computer to another; running in the background, will be the main changes. Some serious differences will be a new backup and disaster recovery plan. XYZ will now have a hot site facility. This means that in the event of a disaster, the location, back up programs, back up data, and logistical facilities will be ready for immediate use. Cabling Specifications In buildings that currently have a 100Base-T network; XYZ will save a considerable amount of money. This is due to the fact that the new Gigabit network will be able to utilize the existing Cat-5 cable. According to Hallberg (2005) â€Å"1000Base-T networks are notable in that they can run over existing Cat-5 cable but at ten times the speed of 100Base-T networks†. This savings will offset much of the upgrading to switches As opposed to hubs, as will be discussed in detail further in this proposal. Hallberg (2005) further adds that â€Å"running over Cat-5 cable is a significant advantage for lOOOBase-T, because around 75 percent of installed network cabling today is Cat-5, and rewiring an entire building for a new networking standard is an extremely expensive proposition†. 1000Base-T over Cat-5 has these characteristics according to Hallberg (2005): ? Require eight actual wires (four twisted pairs in a single sheath) ? Must use Cat-5 cable or better ? Are limited to a length of 100 meters (328 feet) for each node connection ? Are not limited in the number of nodes in a single logical segment ? Use RJ-45 connectors for all connections Local Area Network (LAN) Topologies A physical star topology will be used. This topology should make an efficient, yet affordable network. According to Hallberg (2005) A star topology is one in which a central unit, called a hub or concentrator, hosts a set of network cables that radiate out to each node on the network.. Each hub usually hosts about 24 nodes; although hubs exist that range in size from two nodes up to 96 nodes. Regardless of the hub size, you can connect multiple hubs together to grow the network in any way that makes sense. Below is an example of a basic physical star topology. [pic] It would be good to remember that â€Å"all the network traffic used on any of the network connections to the hub is echoed to all the other connected nodes on that part icular hub†. (Hallberg 2005) This means that the bandwidth vailable from the hub is the total â€Å"amount of bandwidth available to all nodes connected to the hub in aggregate†. (Hallberg 2005) This is important. Consider that one computer uses fifty megabits per second of a maximum one hundred megabits per second. All of the other computers are limited to the remaining fifty megabits per second shared equally; however, one connection could use up to fifty percent. In another scenario two computers connected to a hub try to send data at the same time. According to Dux Computer Digest (2009); â€Å"a collision is said to occur†. For this reason a pc connected by a hub must negotiate using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol. The Ethernet adapters in each pc have the ability to listen and to send, but they can not do both at the same time when connected to a hub. This is called half duplex. There is a better option for this network. This network will use gigabit switches. These switches will operate at 10/100/1000 megabits per second. The speed is a bonus, but the main improvement will be that each pc connected will operate at full duplex. There will be no need to listen for data collisions. This doubles the performance of the individual pc’s network ability. According to Dux Computer Digest (2009) â€Å"An Ethernet switch automatically divides the network into multiple segments, acts as a high-speed, selective bridge between the segments, and supports simultaneous connections of multiple pairs of computers which dont compete with other pairs of computers for network bandwidth. †Ã‚   This will greatly enhance network performance. The switch according to Dux Computer Digest (2009) â€Å"accomplishes this by maintaining a table of each destination address and its port. When the switch receives a packet, it reads the destination address from the header information in the packet. † A temporary direct point to point connection between both ports is made, the packet is sent, and the connection is terminated. The network can usually be updated simply by updating its switches and bridges firmware. This saves time and money as the network grows in its lifecycle. Though the physical topology is star, a logical Ring topology will be used as token passing will sometimes be necessary. The network will consist of 24-port bridges, servers, and workstations. The following diagram will help to explain how the different offices and areas of XYZ Corporation will interface with the resources of the Local Area Network, and by a proxy server connection the Intranet that will serve as XYZ Corporation’s Wide Area Network including internet access. [pic] The addressing and components of the LAN are as follows: †¢ The company will have a network ID 209. 168. 19. 0 and can occupy multiple floors. †¢ The subnet mask will be 225. 225. 225. 192 †¢ There will be a subnet for each floor. †¢ This will allow for future growth of up to 62 hosts per subnet (floor), 4 subnets (floors). One server will be a redundant mirror and will physically reside in another location. †¢ One subnet will have a proxy server with a firewall. All internet access will go through this proxy server. This Local Area Network will offer many benefits. What are these benefits? First, this plan builds an affordable network. The network is capable of me eting current needs and has room for future expansion and affordable updates. This LAN can use the existing CAT-5 Cabling. This network will facilitate one hundred users from multiple groups with custom accessibility at each location and can be further expanded. The LAN will be capable of covering multiple floors, offices and purposes. This LAN will have a higher startup cost than a LAN using hubs, but the enhanced capability and future ease of upgrading will offset the cost over the system’s lifetime. Furthermore, this LAN will use a proxy server for internet access. The switches selected have built in firewalls and may be used as bridges. There will be a main file server and redundant mirror in a remote location. The LAN will have a hot site (a complete backup, physical and digital) in addition to the mirror location. The proxy server will, as previously mentioned, provide connectivity between physical locations by forming a WAN or Wide Area Network. This shall be in the form of an Intranet. The logical topology of the Intranet shall be ring topology. This is not to be confused with the physical topology. This logical topology will allow tokens to be passed throughout the network as needed by administrators. Most offices where users have limited access will have switches that connect directly to file servers and proxy servers. Offices of senior management, executives and administrators will have switches that connect to the file server, the proxy server and may communicate directly with any switches connecting other users in these groups. The file server will be connected to a server that will serve as a local redundant mirror. Further, the proxy server shall connect to another redundant mirror at a remote hot site location. In the event of any disaster, this remote hot site will be ready to continue business as usual. The Logical Layout of the LAN; visually, is as follows (locations may tailor the scope and size); [pic] The networks will need several protocols. Protocols are software that forms the rules that network communications use to negotiate and communicate. The following protocols will be necessary: ? As all locations will use Windows XP, TCP/IP will be the only network protocol necessary. If the existing network uses IPX/SPX printer sharing or file sharing these will be deleted and updated with TCP/IP Wide Area Network (WAN) Design XYZ Corporation has many offices in as many locations around the world. What XYZ needs is an efficient, cost-effective, way to exchange data between all of these offices. What ABC Computing recommends to XYZ is an intranet. According to 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. (2005) this will be a Wide Area Network and will â€Å"enable customers at different locations to view information and to upload and download information†. The purpose of this paper is to lay out the basic requirements for the â€Å"transmission of data and site to site communication†. (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. 2005) This paper will also cover the WAN layers as well as the physical and data link layers. This paper will deal with Internet connectivity, bandwidth requirements and necessary equipment and configuration. This paper will make recommendations the â€Å"two major domains of wide area network design; Designing the Physical and Data Link Layers, Designing the Network Layer and Internet†. (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. 2005) What is a WAN According to (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. 2005) In the most general sense, a Wide Area Network (WAN) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. For the purposes of this paper a WAN is generally defined as a network created to connect two or more Local Area Networks (LANs). WAN discussion could include the interconnection between arriers, but this is beyond the scope of this paper. Below is an example of a basic Wide area network. [pic] LANs can be connected to a WAN whether the LANS are in the same city or elsewhere in the world. Public carrier networks are used frequently to create WAN connections between LANs if these LANS are located in different parts of the world. â€Å"In most regions it is the Public Telephone and Telegraph (PTT) companies, which serve Mexico, Europe, Asia, South America, and other parts of the world†. (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. 005) Since XYZ has one office in Mexico there will be one connection made from that location via TeleMex, a Mexican PTT. XYZ’s Mexican Bandwidth Requirements The Bandwidth required for this connection will need to be a T1. This location is a LAN with one Network Server and 4 nodes. The location is used simply to interface with local manufacturers for parts. This Mexico LAN will to XYZ’s main office in New York. New York Administrators will have remote access to all functions of the Mexico Server and nodes. XYZ’s New York Bandwidth Requirements The New York office will need a T3 connection (45 MBPS). This is based upon the fact that the New York LAN has 48 nodes accessing the proxy server to gain access to the Internet and the corporate intranet. There are 96 nodes accessing the file server locally, but only 48 nodes have permission to access the Internet or the intranet beyond the proxy server. It has been determined that no more than 32 modes will use access simultaneously and these need no more than one MBPS to function efficiently. This leaves 16 MBPS to send real time information to the redundant backup server at the remote location. This will be more than adequate bandwidth. To achieve this bandwidth it will be necessary to lease the bandwidth from a local Telephone Carrier. It will be necessary to install a T3 (DS3) line card and T3 SMB cabling. At The New York site there will need to be a DNS Server, a Proxy Server, and a file server. The proxy server will give access to the Internet; and thereby the Intranet of xyz. The bandwidth will be distributed locally through the LAN by using gigabit switches. The graphic below depicts how leased bandwidth like a T3 is accomplished in the United States. [pic] Hot site requirements XYZ will lease a hot site in Atlanta Georgia. This site will have duplicate equipment and connections necessary to operate in the event of an emergency. This site will need a T3 available in the event of an emergency. This site will not need to be activated except in the event of a natural disaster or terrorist attack, leaving the New York site compromised. Connections There are four types of circuits used in creating WAN connections when considering both the physical and data link layers: Below is an illustration of the four types of connections used in WANs [pic] XYZ will need Dedicated Physical Circuits. According to Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. (2005) â€Å"Dedicated circuits are permanent circuits dedicated to a single subscriber. The connection is always active†. This will be necessary as the logical topology of the intranet will be ring. Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. (2005) further states concerning dedicated physical circuits that the subscriber purchases dedicated time slots, or channels, that provide a specific amount of bandwidth that is always available for the subscriber to use. The channels in a dedicated circuit are created using time division multiplexing (TDM). In addition to providing guaranteed bandwidth at all times, dedicated circuits provide the most secure and reliable WAN connections available. Virtual Private Network The Intranet developed for XYZ will be set up as a virtual private network or VPN. XYZ has spread beyond physical boundaries. This VPN network solution will be implemented to deal with these needs. IN this wide area network this VPN will be called a VLAN. According to Regan (2004) â€Å"A VLAN is a collection of nodes that are grouped together in a single broadcast domain that is based on something other than physical location†. This VLAN will be logically segmented, organized by functions, and applications. Although users may be in different locations they will communicate as if they were on the same wire. Physically, they will be on different LANS. It will be simple to add and subtract users from this VLAN because there will be no physical connections to setup or delete. The administrator can simply add or delete a user to any location from his location. The network will be segmented into broadcast domains. This will conserve bandwidth. This intelligent switching will be more cost effective. Bandwidth will be manages efficiently. The XYZ VLAN can assign membership by port address. This type of network will be easy to implement and highly cost effective. According to Regan ((2004) â€Å"The ports of a switch can be assigned individually, in groups, in rows, or even across two or more switches, if the switches are properly connected through a trunking protocol. † DHCP will assign IP addresses to XYZ’s network hosts. XYZ will use layer 2 switching because layer 3 does not always support layer 2 bridging. XYZ will use the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) and VTP Domains. VTP, according to Regan (2004) â€Å"is a layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common administration domain†. Administrators can manage user name changes over multiple switches by VTP. Ths will help to keep the naming area clean and clear. VTP protocol will help conserve bandwidth further by pruning. â€Å"VTP pruning only sends broadcasts to trunk links that truly must have the information. † Regan (2004) Having a wide area network will allow all of the locations of XYZ to function as one entity. Latency aside, this will be in real time. Bandwidth is expensive, and our position is that this Network Layout will maximize the usefulness while minimizing the expense of a wide area network. The virtual private network will allow for maximum security while still using internet protocols to run an Intranet. This will be a cost effective way for XYZ to approach networking, both now and will allow for unlimited future growth. Network Protocols Since all operating systems will be Microsoft XP Professional and XYZ Corporation will be operating on a VPN the only Network protocols necessary will be TCP and IP. These protocols operate on the Network and Transport layers of OSI model. Transport The Transport and Network layers main concern is with protocols for delivery and routing of packets. These are generally implemented in software. According to Techexams. net (2009) The Transport layer converts the data received from the upper layers into segments and prepares them for transport. The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end delivery of entire messages. It allows data to be transferred reliably and a uses sequencing to guarantee that data will be delivered in the same order that it was sent†¦. Examples of protocols that operate on this layer are TCP, UDP, NETBEUI, and SPX. Network The Network layer breaks down segments of data into packets and determines the path or routing as well as delivery of packets across internetworks. Network addressing happens at this level. This is called logical addressing or level 3 addressing. IP addressing is an example of this. Other protocols are IP, IPX, ICMP, RIP, OSPF, and BGP. Devices that operate on this level are routers and switches. It is on this level that most packet filtering and physical firewalls operate. Network Remote Access Making the Choice What the difference between virtual private network (VPN) remote access and dial-up. Both can â€Å"provide network access to remote clients†. (Microsoft Corporation 2009) Both methods provide remote access and both have unique advantages and disadvantages. The choice must be made by weighing the businesses needs individually. XYZ will use a VPN as the primary, remote access network solution. Dial up networking will be available to the I. T. staff. According to Microsoft Corporation (2009) â€Å"A dial-up networking solution provides a secure data path over a circuit-switched connection, and it provides the convenience of direct dial-up connectivity to your network for mobile users†. This connection is terminated when the session is complete. â€Å"Microsoft Corporation (2009 further states that â€Å"In contrast, a VPN solution, by using the Internet as a connection medium, saves the cost of long-distance phone service and hardware costs†. A VPN uses the same protocols as the Internet and uses the backbones of the Internet for its infrastructure. â€Å"VPNS use a variety of security technologies, including tunneling, encryption, and authentication†. (Microsoft Corporation 2009) Using Dial-up Networking If dial up networking is used, a remote user calls a remote access server on the network. These dial up lines are a more private solution than a VPN, but the initial investment and continuing expenses are greater. These greater costs are as follows: †¢ Hardware purchase and installation. †¢ Monthly phone costs. †¢ Ongoing support. The following graphic represents a typical dial up remote access design [pic] Remote Access using a VPN A VPN network access solution allows users to connect to network over the Internet. These VPNS according to (Microsoft Corporation 2009) â€Å"use a combination of tunneling, authentication, and encryption technologies to create secure connections†. Microsoft Corporation (2009) further adds that â€Å"To ensure the highest level of security for a VPN deployment, use Layer Two Tunneling Protocol with Internet Protocol security (L2TP/IPSec)†. When organizations have extensive remote access requirements; they generally implement a VPN solution. A VPN will expenses by using existing Internet infrastructures. A VPN offers these two primary benefits: †¢ Reduced costs. †¢ Sufficient security. Figure  8. 4 shows an example of a simple VPN remote access networking design. The following is a generalized VPN Remote Access Design [pic] Flag as ContentBug pic] Many businesses find both beneficial and incorporate both access types within their structure. Both will allow a business or organization to operate in many geographic areas but function as one entity. XYZ Corporation will choose VPN due to the financial gains and the increased performance. Performance will be improved by reducing latency. Latency is caused by router s delay time. The VPN will operate over a VLAN. Network Business Applications All networking will be handled by Windows networking. We will use Cisco Switches and in those instances we will use their proprietary software. All data, graphic, and design programs will remain unchanged. Backup and Disaster Recovery What is the purpose of a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)? According to Axia College Week one reading Intro to IT Security (2007), â€Å"The disaster recovery plan (DRP) describes the exact steps and procedures†¦.. personnel, specifically the IT department, must follow in order to recover critical business systems in the event of a disaster†. Furthermore the main function of the â€Å"DRP is to identify the exact strategy for recovering those processes, specifically IT systems and services that are struck by a disaster. What are the key elements of a DRP? ? Shared site agreements allow companies with similar infrastructures and technology to share resources in the event of a disaster. ? Alternative sites are vendors that specifically offer back up functions in case of disasters. These alternative sites fall under the categories of hot site, cold site, or warm site. ? According to Axia College Week one reading Intro to IT Security (2007), â€Å"A hot-site facility assumes the entire burden of providing backup computing services for the customer. ? A cold site merely provides a location and utilities for a business to function in uring a disaster. This does not include an IT solution. ? A warm site is a compromise of the other two. There is a location, utilities and communications hookups. The business must bring work stations and do their own restoration from a back up. Five Methods of Testing a DRP? †¢ Walk-troughs: Members of the key business units meet to trace their steps through the plan, looking for omissions and inaccuracies. †¢ Simulations: During a practice session, critical personnel meet to perform a dry run of the emergency, mimicking the response to a true emergency as closely as possible. Checklists: A more passive type of testing, members of the key departments check off the tasks for which they are responsible and report on the accuracy of the checklist. This is typically a first step toward a more comprehensive test. †¢ Parallel testing: The backup processing occurs in parallel with production services that never stop. This is a familiar process for those who have installed complex computer systems that run in parallel with the existing production system until the new system proves to be stable. An example of this might be when a company installs a new payroll system: Until the new system is deemed ready for full cut-over, the two systems are operated in parallel. †¢ Full interruption: Also known as the true/false test, production systems are stopped as if a disaster had occurred to see how the backup services perform. They either work (true) or they fail (false) in which case the lesson learned can be as painful as a true disaster. Why does a DRP require testing? We must consider Murphy’s Law. Anything that can go wrong will. Unless the DRP is tested there are many things that can go wrong. Even with testing there may be glitches, but without testing there will certainly be failures. We must anticipate the things that can go wrong. The XYZ Plan XYZ will have a warm site setup. XYZ will conduct yearly walkthroughs of the DRP. They will have quarterly simulations to keep personnel vigilant. XYZ will conduct full interruption testing yearly and parallel testing quarterly. Business Continuity Plan 1. Identify the scope and boundaries of the business continuity plan while communicating the importance of such a plan throughout the organization. 2. Analysis of step 1 the BIA. The BIA measures the operating and financial loss to the organization resulting from a disruption to critical business functions. 3. Once the BIA is complete, those responsible for creating the plan must sell the concept of the BCP to key senior management and obtain organizational and financial commitment. 4. Once the BCP has gained the approval of upper management, each department will need to understand its role in the plan and support and help maintain it. This is an education step. 5. Now the BCP team must implement the plan. This includes the training, testing, and ongoing review and support of the BCP. BCP will utilize a hot site for emergency use. This site will have all data, buildings and equipment to continue operations. Physical Security Threats |Category |Specific Threat | |Weather | | | |Hurricane or tornado | |Fire/Chemical | | | |A train wreck carrying large amounts of chloride etc. |Earth Movement | | | |AN earth quake, mud slide or pyro-plastic flow | |Structural Failure | | | |A floor falling down on to another floor | |Energy | | | |A power outage or brown out | |Biological | | | |An outbreak of deadly avian flu, etc. | |Human |Cracking with malicious intent or a military coup | XYZ will use packet filtering routers and firewalls. According to Techexams. net (2009), These protect a network by only allowing approved packets to pass through the devices. The network administrator can limit the addresses that may communicate with the network. XYZ will keep all unused cables, access points, routers and similar devices in locked cabinets, preferably above the ceiling. All un used ports will be locked down. WIFI signal must not bleed out of the building. All laptops must have all data encrypted. These devices must have GPS location devices installed. They must be further configured with remote boot feature on. They further must be configured to give the Information Resources Manager remote access ability. These laptops must have Norton government wipe disk features installed so that in an emergency an administrator my remotely wipe the hard drive when it comes online. Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 There will be special access granted to executive level personnel. They will have access to all areas of the IT system that they have been trained to access. There will be a training schedule to allow these persons to learn and access any areas they need to as there knowledge grows. The Asset control manager will have access to logs and will be able to make periodic inspections to make certain that XYZ is in compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002. Section 404 of SOX requires that company executives and third-party auditors to certify the effectiveness of their technologies and processes in place to assure the integrity of financial reports. Complying with Section 404 means assuring that sensitive records are secure. The Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) 70 is found useful in meeting these requirements. A SAS 70 is an auditing standard developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for service organizations. SAS 70 prescribes methods for an auditor to examine control activities. Management level security and executives will have access to all records that pertain to SOX at all times. U. S. government auditors and third party auditors are to have access as well. Data Backup and Disaster Recovery Planning XYZ will utilize a Vault Wise platform for a real time backup of information and systems. This platform was created to provide complete data protection and recovery solutions from application-aware backups(e. g. SQL server table-level, Exchange mailbox brick-level) to device block-level operations on in-service production hardware. This backup system will reside at a secondary location and receive real time mirroring information via the virtual private network. XYZ’S security, disaster recovery planning and implementation and data back up will be in good hands if this plan is diligently followed. As the business grows it will become necessary to review these procedures and policies to insure that XYZ remains resilient. XYZ Corporation will use the vendor Unitrend for Backup and Recovery. Unitrend is designed for small to medium businesses that â€Å"have the same critical reliance on the integrity of their data as enterprises, but often can’t afford the operational expenditure of a dedicated staff or the capital expenditure of replacing their IT infrastructure†. Unitrend (2009) Unitrends (2009) provides enterprise-level data protection, at the lowest total cost of ownership in the industry, through a family of scalable disk-based data protection appliances that integrate and protect existing heterogeneous computer and storage systems through a single, intuitive, graphical user interface. According to Unitrend 92009) this is what makes them stand out from the rest of the industry† †¢ Recovery-7 is Unitrends’ next-generation hardware platform, featuring our most powerful processors, 8GB of RAM, and advanced RAID architecture for maximum protection and flexibility. †¢ Up to 15TB of raw disk capacity; with standard in-line compression, this offers protection for as much as 30-60TB of user data. †¢ Effective cost-per-TB of as little as $500, significantly better than both other data backup appliances, and offerings from the best data deduplication vendors (Data Domain, FalconStor, Exagrid). Unitrends does not offer VMware and a SAN? The reason: †¢ There are almost always important servers â€Å"orphaned† from the SAN—systems running Novell or Solaris, for example—as well as desktop and laptop systems that need protection. These servers and user systems often contain critical data, and firms following best practices choose solutions that protect all the organization’s systems and data. †¢ Vmware and SAN do not protect against viruses. †¢ Unitrend does offer virus protection †¢ Unitrend offers backup and recovery for medium to small bus

Free Essays on The Rise Of Divorce (CAUSE AND EFFECT)

Proven by recent studies, the marriage rate has fallen thirty percent and the divorce rate has increased forty percent. Of all marriages, divorce rates sit very close to fifty percent. In today’s society, it seems almost normal to get a divorce, or to know of someone who is in the process of one. Divorce can be caused by the committing of adultery by one partner or both, rushing into marriage, two people simply growing apart, or ultimately, marriage not being taken seriously in the first place. Affairs seem to be a regular happening today in the United States. One person, or even both partners in the marriage can be guilty of such a sin. The bible labels adultery as a considerable means for divorce but obviously does not suggest that either divorce or adultery should take place. Most commonly, opinions towards adultery are extremely negative prior to any sort of an encountering of it. People quickly jump to say, when asked their opinion on subject, that there is no reason for an affair to occur under any circumstances and that they would never allow it from their partner. In an actual situation, though, some might excuse an affair under specific conditions, some may forgive it and forget it, and very few others may actually get a divorce. This may be why Maggie Gallagher has stated that â€Å" 80% of all divorce rates of this country (the U.S.) are unilateral, rather than mutual decisions.† Gallagher emphasizes the popularity of blame placed on one partner, rather t han on both for the cause of a divorce. Falling in love is noted imaginable by some and very real to some others. Regardless of it’s being, falling in love is heard to happen commonly among teenagers. What sometimes happens when relating to marriage is that two people may feel they are in love with one another just two months after meeting and end up rushing into marriage. Marriage was considered a very sacred entity, once upon a time. Once the ceremony was performed... Free Essays on The Rise Of Divorce (CAUSE AND EFFECT) Free Essays on The Rise Of Divorce (CAUSE AND EFFECT) Proven by recent studies, the marriage rate has fallen thirty percent and the divorce rate has increased forty percent. Of all marriages, divorce rates sit very close to fifty percent. In today’s society, it seems almost normal to get a divorce, or to know of someone who is in the process of one. Divorce can be caused by the committing of adultery by one partner or both, rushing into marriage, two people simply growing apart, or ultimately, marriage not being taken seriously in the first place. Affairs seem to be a regular happening today in the United States. One person, or even both partners in the marriage can be guilty of such a sin. The bible labels adultery as a considerable means for divorce but obviously does not suggest that either divorce or adultery should take place. Most commonly, opinions towards adultery are extremely negative prior to any sort of an encountering of it. People quickly jump to say, when asked their opinion on subject, that there is no reason for an affair to occur under any circumstances and that they would never allow it from their partner. In an actual situation, though, some might excuse an affair under specific conditions, some may forgive it and forget it, and very few others may actually get a divorce. This may be why Maggie Gallagher has stated that â€Å" 80% of all divorce rates of this country (the U.S.) are unilateral, rather than mutual decisions.† Gallagher emphasizes the popularity of blame placed on one partner, rather t han on both for the cause of a divorce. Falling in love is noted imaginable by some and very real to some others. Regardless of it’s being, falling in love is heard to happen commonly among teenagers. What sometimes happens when relating to marriage is that two people may feel they are in love with one another just two months after meeting and end up rushing into marriage. Marriage was considered a very sacred entity, once upon a time. Once the ceremony was performed...

Insights on Love and Marriage From Social Scientists and Aziz Ansari

Insights on Love and Marriage From Social Scientists and Aziz Ansari The big news at 2015s annual meeting of the American Sociological Association was that actor and comedian, and now author, Aziz Ansari would be in attendance to participate in a panel discussion about his new book  Modern Romance, co-authored with sociologist Eric Klinenberg. On Saturday August 22, a huge crowd of sociologists awaited the insights on dating, mating, and marriage that would be shared not just by Ansari and Klinenberg, but also by Christian Rudder, the founder of OK Cupid; biological anthropologist Helen Fisher; and psychologist Eli Finkel. What followed was a fascinating hour and a half of presentations and discussion among the panelists and audience, including these thought-provoking and helpful insights and tips on modern romance. Romantic Love is a Drive Following analysis of brain scans of people in love, Fisher and her research team found that the part of the brain activated by romance is the same one that controls basic needs like thirst and hunger. Fisher concludes from this that romantic love is not only a basic human need, but also a drive that shapes how we act in the world. She explained that it is associated with wanting, craving, focus, energy, and addiction, and that it is separate from but adjacent to both where our sex drive resides in the brain, and the part of our brain that is activated by attachment, which is something that grows out of romantic love over a period of time. Love at First Sight is Totally Possible Fisher explained, after an audience member asked a question about the possibility for success of arranged marriages, that love at first sight is something that our brains are hard wired for. Brain circuitry for love is like a sleeping cat, she said, and can be awakened in a second. You can fall in love with someone instantly. According to Fisher, this is why a lot of arranged marriages work. People Dating Today Suffer a Paradox of Choice Ansari and Klinenberg found through talking to people in interviews and focus groups that dating in todays world, enabled and organized by social media and dating sites, presents people with a paradox of choicewe are so overwhelmed by the amount of potential romantic partners available to us that we find it very difficult to select one to pursue. Ansari pointed out how digital technology has enabled this, citing the example of a guy he spoke with who admitted to checking Tinder on the way to a date arranged by Tinder, and then checking Tinder in the bathroom after having given the current date just a few minutes of his time. Ansari and Klinenberg observed in their study that many young singles are simply not giving each other enough of a chance, and suggest that we need to employ the Flo Rida Theory of Acquired Likability Through Repetition (LOL but really). Ansari explained, Social science shows that the more time you spend with people, thats when you learn these deeper things and develop positive illusions, and the Flo Rida theory basically just states that ultimately, were all like a Flo Rida song. When you first hear it, youre like, All right, Flo Rida, Ive heard this shit before. This is very similar to what you put out last summer. But then you keep hearing it over and over and youre like, All right, Flo Rida, youve done it again. Lets dance! Our Dates Are Too Boring Related to the previous point, Ansari and Klinenberg learned through their research that people are quick to move on from a potential romantic interest after just one date because most of us arrange terribly boring dates. We go out for a meal or a drink and essentially exchange resumes and life histories, and very few of us have an especially good time. Instead, they suggest, we should organize dates around fun and exciting events that give us an opportunity to see what each person is like in a social setting, and to bond over a shared experience. Ansari referenced sociologist Robb Willers Monster Truck Rally Theory, which is based on the experience of Willer and his friends, who started taking dates to monster truck rallies, at which both parties had a great time, and many pairs blossomed into couples with great relationships. We Put Far More Pressure on Marriage Today than We Did in the Past By looking at the way what a marriage is and what we expect of one has evolved over time, psychologist Eli Finkel found that today people expect marriage to provide not only love and companionship, but also to facilitate personal growth and self-expression. According to Finkel, these expectations are far greater than those people have had for marriage in the past, and the problem is, married people today are spending less time together than in decades prior, so they are not putting enough time into their relationships for those expectations to be fully met. He suggests that this is related to a long-term decrease in marital happiness. So, Finkel offers that if people really want marriage to meet these needs, then they need to devote more time to their partners. However, he also observed that those who are doing it are doing it really well, as evidenced by how the proportion of people who are blissed out in their marriages has increased simultaneously while overall marital happiness h as declined. Heres hoping you can deploy these insights and tips as you date, mate, and marry.

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Growth - Essay Example Economic growth is widely defined as ‘the sustained increase in real per capita incomes’ (Gould, pp. 1, 1972). The definition can be broken down into small pieces. The growth that occurs should be ‘sustained’ because short-term changes in the economy do not count. There should be an increase in ‘real’ income. This takes into account inflation, which cuts down the monetary value of goods and services. Moreover, the definition includes ‘per capita’ for it has to ensure that the increase in the income is distributed evenly across the population. Economic growth is shown by a shift in the Production Possibility Curve (PPC) of a curve outwards since it indicates that there is an increase in the capacity to produce goods (Mukherjee, pp. 239, 2002). Broadly, economic growth encompasses living standards in various countries as well. Economic growth is a global topic and quite a compelling one (Weil, pp. 19, 2009). It is also a topic, which has been studied since the days of Adam Smith (Helpman, pp. ix, 2005). Economic growth is bound to be desirable when the benefits to the economy and the society are more than the costs. In economic terms, these costs and benefits are termed externalities. In essence, if social welfare has increased, then the economic growth has been desirable. Essentially, economic growth leads to an increase in national income. It achieves that through more investment whether private or government funded, leading to an expansion in consumption. The advocates of economic growth place great emphasis on the increment of material possessions. Economic growth therefore increases living standards.... 32, 2004). This increase in national income can be shown through a diagram: (Intermediate Economics, n.p, n.d) As shown in the diagram, as the aggregate expenditure (AE) which consists of Consumption and Investment among other things increase, the national income increases from A to B. In this sense, an increase in investment might also spur off employment opportunities. Therefore, increases in economic growth may indicate more jobs have been created, thus balancing the economic cycle (Clarke, Islam, pp. 32, 2004). Proponents of growth further argue that an increase in growth leads the society to increase social welfare in the sense that there is redistribution of income from the wealthy to the poor. This has been achieved through increased incomes, which are progressively taxed leading to an increase in social security payments for the poor (Karl E, pp. 676, 2007). There is an accelerator effect of growth on capital investment. Because aggregate demand increases in times of economic growth due to an increase in national income, more output is produced. This encourages investment in capital machinery. In addition, during times of economic growth, there is a boost in business confidence. Investors would want to invest in an economy where the aggregate demand is high for they can pursue better profits (Tutor2u.net, N.P. n.d). As mentioned above, economic growth leads to an increase in the ‘Aggregate Demand’ (AD) of a country. If the aggregate supply (AS) is not keeping up with the increase in AD, then there might to inflation. Therefore, there is a trade off between inflation and economic growth. Inflation is particularly harmful for a country for it erodes the value of the currency. (Harper College, n.p, n.d). In the diagram above, it can be seen that

Check fax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Check fax - Essay Example the commodities produced are alike and because of this cause there is Promotion, marketing or publicity. Though it is not possible for a firm to be perfect model of perfect competition but there are some that are nearer for example; Stock Market, as there are lots of purchasers and vendors, no obstructions to entry and the good is not differentiated. (Mahanty, p. 264) There is absolute sovereignty of admission of new firms into the Market. Firms already operating in the market are not capable to prevent new firms enter the business. Starting a business takes time, therefore freedom of entry concerns in the long run. An extension of this assumption is that there is complete factor mobility in the long run. If earnings are elevated than somewhere else, resources will be liberally attracted into that business. Similarly if wages are elevated than for comparable labor somewhere else, employees will liberally shift into that business and will face no hurdles. (Schnaars, p. 31) If the firm’s average cost (AC) curve (which incorporates normal profit) hangs beneath the firm’s average revenue (AR) curve, the firm will make abnormal profit. Abnormal profit for each unit at Q1 is the vertical gap amid AR and AC at Q1. Entire abnormal profit is shown by the rectangle P1ABC in Figure 1.1. There is also a situation when the firm cannot earn a profit at any level of production. This condition would arise if the firms AC curve were on top of the AR curve at each and every point. This is shown in figure 1.2, where the industry price is P2.In this situation, the position where MC curve intersects MR curve signifies the loss minimizing position .The total of loss is represented by the rectangle P2FED. (Parkin, p. 240) Pricing with no market control (perfect competition) is resolute in the industry (Market) by the meeting point of supply and demand. At this price the firm countenances a flat

A New Realism-Crafting a US Foreign Policy for a New Century Essay Example for Free

A New Realism-Crafting a US Foreign Policy for a New Century Essay The political turmoil that the United States had yet to face in the 21st century was manifested in one brutal fell swoop on September 11, 2001, when thousands of innocent Americans were slaughtered on their native soil at the hands of vicious and brutal foreign operatives whose goal was to strike terror into the heart of the United States. Moreover, a clear message was sent- the rules of the international game of power were changed forever. Threats, it was clearly seen on that horrible day, could just as easily come from a group of motivated individuals as it could from an organized and recognized international government. With this in mind, foreign policy that heeds the changes in the international political landscape is a matter of life or death for not only the US, but every other nation on the face of the earth as well. In this research, a discussion of the construction of US foreign policy in the midst of sweeping changes in international affairs will be discussed from many points of view in an effort to ultimately better understand not only what has happened to effect change, but also what must occur for a brighter tomorrow to result. Jihad and International Politics As this research began, the point was made that 9/11 served as an abrupt wakeup call to not only America, but the entire world that there were forces afoot that could, seemingly at will, bring even the most powerful of nations to their collective knees through the use of terrorist actions that could be inflicted by a dozen people as bad as any army could possibly inflict. For all of this harsh reality, however, there is another stark reality in the years after 9/11- there has not been a sufficient level of improvement in the coordination of international intelligence levels and the law enforcement needed to effectively battle terrorism on a unified front (Richardson, 2007). Moreover, almost no effort has been made to understand why Jihadism exists, even though radical groups such as Al Qaeda have been shown to be making efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. With all of this happening, the obvious assumption would be that the US, as a superpower, would certainly lead the charge and do everything possible to understand the nature of the new enemy, what the enemy can inflict, and prevent access to nuclear materials that terrorist groups need in order to fabricate weapons of mass destruction. However, the reality is, from a President who has seemingly waged war against an innocent state in Iraq to intelligence organizations that have leaks of classified information on a regular basis, the US is setting a poor example in terms of antiterrorism. Illegal Weapons-Foreign and Domestic It has been said that guns do not kill people, but people do kill other people. In a world where thousands of people can be slaughtered without so much as a single shot fired, one still needs to realize that the traffic in illegal weapons- both in the US and globally, poses a national and international threat (Richardson, 2007). Weapons are readily available in towns large and small, for very little money. Legislation aimed at gun control does very little to prevent the problem to any measurable extent, and lawmakers are hard pressed for valid solutions to the dilemma in the US (Richardson, 2007). Of course, on an international scale, terrorists and other fringe groups are stockpiling huge amounts of weapons that are ready to be used at any time to inflict death without restriction. Beyond the issue of guns, the use of nuclear materials for the construction of weapons is a huge problem given the efforts of nations such as India, Pakistan and others now having the capability of manufacturing nuclear material and very little regulation in terms of how and where that material would in fact be distributed and used. The US has in fact been quite lacking in the securing of nuclear materials, and the required bans on the testing of nuclear weapons by other nations are either not in place or are not enforced adequately in the cases where they do exist (Richardson, 2007). This is yet another problem for the US to contend with- something bust be done to hold back the nuclear tidal wave before it is too late for everyone. Asia Rising Beginning with the recovery from the death and destruction of World War II, up to and through the Vietnam War and beyond, the nations of Asia have quite literally gone from hell and back many times. Rather than grinding those nations into a helpless submission, these challenges have seemingly motivated the billions of people of Asia to a new level of economic, military and educational ambition. In generations past, the goods of Asia were merely dismissed as useless and tawdry trinkets. However, with the increase in the level of education, implementation of technology, and old fashioned determination of Asians, the other nations of the world have been left with little choice but to take seriously the multi-faceted threats that Asia poses to the US and others (Richardson, 2007). To begin, one must come to terms with the highly dangerous economic threat of Asia; because of the huge influx of capital from American and European firms foremost, the business and industry of Asia has grown extremely strong. The resulting profits from these operations have given Asia the monetary muscle to conversely invest in businesses, real estate and industry, ironically enough, in the US and Europe. Therefore, what is seen in this instance is the full circle fulfillment of a sad destiny- Asia is slowly owning ever-increasing pieces of the rest of the world- a world that not too long ago dismissed Asia as a laughable excuse for a continent. Economic gains for Asia have likewise enabled the nations of Asia to be able to flex a bit of economic and military muscle. Take, for instance, China, a long-time Communist stronghold and now a stockpile for cash and weapons. In this case, the classic idea of â€Å"guns and butter† is seen in horrific reality. China not only holds a huge amount of the debt of the US and other nations, but also has been very likely putting together a massive army, complete with the latest weapons, including those of the nuclear variety. This, combined with the fact that China holds a radically different political mindset than many of the other nations of the world, makes for a potentially explosive situation. If, in fact, China chooses to recall the foreign debts that it holds, decides to invade other nations, or pose a more serious and tangible nuclear threat, there will be epic problems with which to contend, which brings back the recurrent theme of the US foreign policy in such situations. How can the US develop a realistic and effective foreign policy when dealing with a giant continent like Asia, populated with radical nations like China? Surely, a match of aggression with additional aggression is far from acceptable. Therefore, the challenge that lies ahead for the US is to maintain a strong position in the world and still avoid additional conflict. Russia Reborn A deadly myth exists in the world today- that which holds that Russia is all but dead and buried in the political landscape. In reality, Russia is coming back to life in a political and economic sense. While, admittedly, the economy of Russia has never been as economically viable as it could be in a freer economy, the military muscle which Russia is currently in the midst of rebuilding can once again pose a massive threat to the US. This, combined with the other enemies in the present day, can spell disaster. What Russia means for US foreign policy going forward is significant- if the US makes the fatal mistake of discounting the possibility of Russian aggression becoming a lethal situation, yet another bit of fuel will have been thrown on the political fire that has the potential to consume the US from abroad. Economic Imbalances Poverty is one of the evils which has been cited as a key culprit in the proliferation of global terror, bloodshed, and dispute (Richardson, 2007). Classically, the view of the human condition has always been that people who are hungry, sick, and lack the basic necessities of life are typically much more hostile and harder to negotiate with than one would find in the person of those who had a suitable standard of living. Another possibility is that nations which hate the US may hate in large part because of the resentment for the excesses which exist in the US and the apparent overindulgence of Americans in all forms of enjoyments and material goods. Meanwhile, religious extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere are watching the people of the US in the midst of excessive revelry and have come to the conclusion that people in America, who take so much for granted and do not seem to care very much about the plight of others in the world. As such, the prevailing viewpoint seems to be that Americans need to be shown that all is not well in all parts of the world and in a sense; the party is over in the US. Global Problems-American Solutions In the article which was utilized as the basis for this research, the author ultimately came to an interesting conclusion. Simply put, the author’s thesis is that the US first must stop using the granting of diplomatic relations with rogue nations as a reward for good behavior (Richardson, 2007). The reason for this is quite simple- these nations, which of course most likely have at their heart the goal of overcoming and defeating the US, will conduct themselves in an acceptable way only when they are being evaluated for the granting of diplomatic relations and once that is complete, and the US has let down its guard, the nations will once again resort to evil behavior, and the consequences could be drastic. The answer to this problem, as the author asserts, is the resurrection of a sort of Marshall Plan, especially in the case of Middle Eastern nation and North Africa as well. With this plan as the cornerstone, it is possible for the US to use its massive resources to provide educational, economic, and political aid to these hostile areas, with the hope of deflating the widespread efforts of Jihad and ultimately change the minds of those who hate the US- not with bullets, but with food and books and other help. Overall, the other enemy that the US should be seeking to eradicate, per the author, is poverty. The seemingly underlying cause of most of the violence that is taking place in the world is motivated by the lack of a suitable standard of living for some groups, and indeed, entire nations of people (Richardson, 2007). Therefore, if the element of deprivation were in fact taken away from the argument, what one would see would be a clearer way to look at the other fundamental differences between the West and other parts of the globe, and perhaps, some progress could be made to bring about a stronger, more reliable peace. Overall, what the US needs to do it would seem, is to look at problems on a global scale and consider the viewpoint of the enemy, and take steps in order to be able to be more of a friend and less of a foe. Conclusion In a world where the rules are constantly changing, the environment is becoming more deadly day by day, and the threat of terrorism and rogue nations spreads like a plague, the US stands as a stronghold of liberty and virtue in a sea of death and lawlessness. However, as has been seen, the US is seriously lacking in many areas where responsibility and action are desperately needed. Foreign policy is a key part of this action plan- without an aggressively enforced program of protecting American interests, maintaining a global peace, and fighting terrorism where it resides, it is very likely that chaos, evil and disaster will become the norm in the world instead of freedom, peace and safety. The writing is quite clearly on the wall- for America, action has to happen soon and continue to happen if the world is to be saved for those who wish to live in harmony and safety. The evil that turned the world upside down on a sunny morning in September, 2001 must not be allowed to prevail, and indeed, hollow policy without enforcement will be just as bad as no policy at all. Therefore, in closing, the issue is clear- foreign policy must change and grow with the times if the future is to exist at all. Bibliography Richardson, B. (2007). A New Realism: Crafting a US Foreign Policy for a New Century. Harvard International Review, Summer 2007, 26+.

Examine Lord Capulets motivation, attitude and behaviour in three key E

Examine Lord Capulets motivation, attitude and behaviour in three key scenes and suggest how an actor could perform the part so as to convey these motives and attitudes to an audience. The play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was written in 1589-95 by William Shakespeare. The play is a tragedy which means that it is a serious play and will not end happily for some will die. It was set in 16th century Verona in Italy, which was a patriarchal society. This meant that men had the power and all women were compelled under the control of their husbands and fathers. It was also part of a hierarchical society, which was a structure of class, with Prince Escalus at the top, then the Lords and Ladies, such as Lord Montague and Lord Capulet; rich tradesmen and merchants were under the lords, and at the bottom were the servants such as Juliet’s nurse. The play is about â€Å"a pair of star-crossed lovers† who take their lives because of their families’ feud. The house of Montague and the house of Capulet have been quarrelling for years and years, so Juliet of Capulet and Romeo of Montague fall into a â€Å"death-marked love.† In act one scene two the two houses of Capulet and Montague have just had a fight. Prince Escalus has given Lord Capulet a warning that â€Å"If you ever disturb our streets again, your lives will pay the forfeit of the peace.† So he would now be feeling embarrassed, upset, humiliated and ashamed. To show this to Paris and the audience he would mumble and speak quietly. He would hunch to show that he feels a lack of security. He would be humble towards Paris and his face would look blank. Paris wants to wed Juliet and has come to Capulet to ask if he has his blessing. Capulet comes back to his senses and says, â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world† which means that he thinks Juliet is too young to be married off. Paris says that there are younger wives than her. Then Capulet replies with â€Å"And too soon marred are those so early made† which means that those girls were too young to be mothers and their lives were ruined. The audience would now think that Capulet is a good father and that he truly loves his daughter. He even says that â€Å"she is the hopeful lady of my earth,† Which makes the audience think that he is an even better father from when they first thought. Because it was very odd at that time for a father to love his ... ...er, because it was very unusual at that time for a father to love his daughter so much. Then in act 1 scene 5 the audience thought that Capulet was a very good host telling every one to have a good time and enjoy themselves. They thought he was a very jolly person who loves entertaining people and that he had the image of a perfectionist. In Act 3 scene 5 the audience thought that lord Capulet was a horrible father who loses his temper far to quickly and that he was far to harsh toward Juliet and the nurse. Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other was very important in the play because that was the reason for all the complications like the marriage between Paris that was arranged for Juliet, the banishment of Romeo because he would not fight Tybalt, the death of Mercutio, the death of Tybalt, the whole tragedy theme, the deaths of Romeo and Juliet and finally the bringing together of the Capulets and the Montague’s. The bringing together of the Capulets and the Montague’s happened because of Romeo and Juliet’s love and their deaths. Because of these events both of the families realised how silly they had been and called friendship between them instead of war.

Interpersonal Communication Essay

My name is Tralisa King and I am writing to inform you that I have received your letter and would first, like to congratulate and wish you, both well in your new ventures as a family in Holy matrimony. I understand that you would like my advice on producing a long – lasting and happy relationship. I do feel the need to advise you, that I am not a relationship therapist by any means. However, as you both are aware, I have taken a course in interpersonal communication and would be more than happy to provide you with as much knowledge as possible that I have obtained from this course. I hope that based on what I have learned in class, the articles I have read, and my personal experiences you will find some of my advice to be informative or at least gain enough interpersonal communication skills needed to resolve any issues that may arise in your relationships in the future. â€Å"Communication is not simply the exchange of words and information; it is the means through which we share knowledge, thoughts, ideas, and feelings with other people. Interpersonal communication is the way people connect with other people.† (Sole, 2011) Learning to communicate effectively can and most likely will be the foundation, you both will need in order to develop, maintain and/or keep a productive, calm, and strong relationship and/or marriage. Communication is a skill that is never perfected, I have been married for over twenty years and if it had not been for the grace of God and learning to build our marriage on the foundation of communication, I do not think our marriage would have lasted. Although we have found a way to communicate, communication remains a work in progress and there are times when our communication is not up to par. Recognizing how words have the power to create and affect attitudes, behavior, and perception: Words are very powerful and if not used correctly can cause a physical as well as a mental drain upon one’s marriage. Words have a way of bringing out the best and/or the worst in a person. Even the Bible speaks of the power of words in several passages throughout the scriptures. . Sometimes it is not the word alone, it can be the way in which the word is represented that can bring out the best and/or worst in people. The word Ni—r for example, although I am a black female, I do not use this word nor do I allow it to be used in my presence without addressing my disapproval of the word. I have never based my life on what others say, think or feel about me. However, I would be lying to myself if I did not admit that there are still things including certain words that create an immediate emotional and/ or physical reaction if approached to me incorrectly. My children on the other hand, use this word relentlessly while speaking with their friends but are ready to fight at the drop of a dime if called that of a Caucasian person. There are females that get offended by the word B—ch, however this is a word that does not offended me regardless of the presentation, not saying that it shouldn’t offend me; I’m just saying it don’t.. I remember as a child, when being teased by someone, my parents would say, â€Å"words never hurt anyone.† However, todays’ bullying is proving that words can kill. Words and the way in which we use them can have an effect on others behavior, attitude, and perception of not only you but also themselves. â€Å"Negative connotations often act as triggers to derail your interpersonal communication. We all have trigger word’s that create an immediate emotional reaction when we hear them† (Sole 2011) By understanding the power of one’s words and learning away to use, those without offending the other can help to defuse any argument, misunderstanding or anything else that would eventually lead to hatred or possibility of divorce. Remember, one can apologize for the words they say but they cannot take it back; and being forgiven by your partner does not mean that your partner will forget. Listening -develop strategies for active, critical, and empathic listening-Perceptions, Emotions, and Nonverbal Communication One is generally born with some sort of interpersonal communication, such as a baby crying. Generally, a baby crying is their way of letting one know that they are displaying some type of discomfort. After a while, one’s way of listening allows them to decipher that baby’s cry, understand their need and/or discomfort and act accordingly. A baby also uses non-communication, such as responding to a familiar voice or sound, which they often associate with care such as food, warmth, or a touch perhaps. This is also true in a marriage, the longer you are married the more nonverbal communication, and you are likely to develop. â€Å"Nonverbal communication is defined as the communication of a message without words; which means that it encompasses a wide range of vocal and visual signs and behaviors† (Sole, 2011) I am famous for rolling my eyes, walking off, or simply giving a person a blank stare when I don’t agree with them or simply just not wanting to be bothered. Misunderstanding is often due to one’s body language; although my body language often is a response to the situation at hand, this is not necessarily true for my husband. My husband has an annoying habit of sucking his teeth sarcastically when he does not agree, he does this so much, that at times I am not sure he notice he is doing it. Tammy it is important to decipher your husband’s intent of his body movement; because we as women have, the tendency of jumping into conclusion and like my husband it could be a simple habit, vice versa for you Bill. It is also important that the two of you develop an effective strategy for active, critical, and empathic listening. â€Å"Researchers report that most of us spend more time listening than we do talking; however, most people have had little education on how to be an effective listener, which requires focus and attention.† (Sole, 2011) While most people think they are fairly good listeners, studies show that the majority of people listen poorly and inefficiently (Lee & Hatesohl, 1993) (Sole, 2011) Mr. and Mrs. Jones I have learned that, how one listens can and most likely will have an impact upon the way in which one communicates. At the same time, how well one listens’ can have an impact on the sincere qualities they develop in their marriage and/or relationship with others. It is the failure to listen that causes a lot of mis-communication and is one of the main factors of many divorces. I also have learned in my studies how to distinguish four types in the way in which one listens. The first is comprehension listening, which is listening to obtain some type of knowledge, more likely to be done in a meeting, seminar, or group of discussion (classroom environment of some sort). The second type is evaluative listening; this is listening to someone who is trying to pre-sway another in complying with his or her thoughts, ideas and/or opinions. â€Å"In these conversations, it is important that you listen for the speaker’s main points and determine their strengths and weaknesses so that you can formulate an effective response such as countering the arguments or presenting important points that the speaker may not have included.† (Sole, 2011). Although this is good in some cases, I do not suggest you use this type of listening when it comes to communicating with each other because it may make the other feel attacked, which they will feel the need to defend th emselves or cause them to become withdrawn when communicating. The third type of listening is empathic listening, which I highly recommend for the two of you. This is something my husband and I practice a lot it allows us to connect and gives us a better understanding of each other’s thoughts without judgment for the most part†¦ Last but not least , appreciative listening, I recommend this also because is show that you are interested in each other and interested in what each other have to say. Not only did I learn four types of listening, I also learned that there is a process that â€Å"requires six distinct components† (Sole, 2011) when it comes to listening, which are: ïÆ'˜â€Å"Motivating oneself to listen† (Sole, 2011) – This entails keeping an open mind, being attentive at all times, being aware of the nonverbal communication such as movements, eye contact, facial expression or anything else that is accompanied with the discussion at hand. â€Å"Clearly Hearing the Message† (Sole, 2011) – Ma ke sure you can clearly hear what the person is saying and try to eliminate any noise that may be a distraction to you at that time. â€Å"Paying Attention† (Sole, 2011) – try not to speak while the other is talking and focus on what the person is saying rather than focusing on your response. ïÆ'˜â€Å"Interpreting the Message† – â€Å"To correctly interpret a message, you must know what the symbols mean to the person who is using them, and we all interpret symbols differently.† (Sole, 2011) I believe this is more of a written message than it is for a fact to face conversation†¦ ïÆ'˜â€Å"Evaluating the Message† – â€Å"When you have heard and attended to a message and then interpreted it, you must then decide what you think or feel about that information. The results of this evaluation usually determine how you will respond.† (Sole, 2011) On a personal note, I am not sure how one can do this and remain attentive to the discussion because it would seem that one would be more focus on the response than they would the conversation. ïÆ'˜â€Å"Remembering and responding Appropriate† – This should happen at the end of the discussion once the speaker has finished expressing himself or herself. At this time the other should ask any question necessary to get a complete understanding, it is important to never assume anything because the inaccurate assumption is a sure way to bring confusion into your relationship. Once you have established the skill of effective listening, it becomes a little easier to solve and/or avoid communication problems. Trust and self-disclosure Trust is another key element in one’s marriage. In order to build trust one must be willing to expose oneself to self- disclosure. I recently did a report in my class on an article â€Å"Can We Talk?† by Nara Schoenberg, which spoke about the importance of communication. In my report, I spoke of trust and self – disclosure. I stated, â€Å"I do believe that finding new ways to communicate can help to develop a stronger relationship. I also believe that the quality, as well as the quantity of communication is the foundation in which a relationship is built on. One also needs truth and understanding. Knowing that the discussion one is having is based on pure truth is of great importance; being dishonest to spare another’s feelings or to cover up something is just as bad as not speaking at all. One must also have an open mind when conversing, being able to understand the difference of opinion and not focusing on who is wrong or right helps to establish a common ground and growth. With all this being said, I do agree that sharing one’s feelings, fears, doubts and perceptions can help to build a healthy and happy relationship of any kind. At the same time, it can also be dangerous placing this much information or trust in someone that may because you harm†¦ Self- disclosure increases trust within the relationship because it provides â€Å"understanding of your inner thoughts and feelings will significantly impact how you see others, especially with your spouse, who will increase your ability to share your innermost feelings. (Sole, 2011). However, I feel the need to advise you that I feel one must have complete trust with the other before taking this step. My marriage did not have this in the beginning, it took a little time for us to build this type of trust in each other because this consist of sharing one’s private feelings and sometimes secretes that only you know about yourself. Once these feelings and secrets are exposed to the other, it leaves you vulnerable which depending on your partners’ intent could either bring you people closer or tear you apart. Do not get me wrong it was not that I did not trust my husband in the begging, I honestly felt uncomfortable with being vulnerable to anyone including him. Having said this, if you genuinely love each other, there is a strong possibility that you will begin sharing things you would never have shared before without giving it a second thought. The discrepancy I had with the article was Orbuch’s advice was to â€Å"consider setting aside 10 minutes a day for quality conversations.† (Schoenberg, N. 2011, January 17). This suggestion may be good for couples that have been away from each other or if someone in the relationship had an event that has happened to them that, they would like to share with their spouse. However, I work at home and my husband does as well because of this, we are together for the majority of the day and although we love each other’s company, there are times we just like to share our time together in complete silence or talking about things that has no value, like a TV show or trashing talking while playing pool. Most importantly there are times we just want to be left alone. Whatever the case may be, I feel that this approach varies depending upon the couple, the environment and/or the situation. I stated in that report, â€Å"In order to have the type of communication that the article speaks of, one must first have a full understanding of consistent quality communication because there are many ways one can define quality communication; there will never be a sure conclusion or a quick fix when it comes to communicating within a relationship.† (King 2012) Had I been talking to my sister or husband they would have understood this concept in depth. Due to the fact I was speaking in general my teacher advised me â€Å"I failed to include supporting details or examples to bring validity to my claim.† (Miller, 2012) In which I feel she was 100% right. However, this proves that one’s approach varies depending upon the environment and/or the situation. Regardless of the impact or lack of this article had on me, I do recommend that the both of you read this article and share your thoughts it may have a different outcome, and give you a better insight on the importance of self-disclosure. Other articles I think can be beneficial in your marriage are; â€Å"Shared Talking Styles Herald New and Lasting Romance† (Bower, 2010) â€Å"speaks about conversation and the impact it has or can have in one’s relationship and/ or friendship. The article talks about a variety of studies done such as speed dating†¦. Within that experiment, they found that† (King 2012) â€Å"opposite – sex are more likely to express mutual interest when using similar speaking styles than those who differ.† (Bower, 2010)â€Å" Another study showed that young couples in a committed relationship, whom used similar writing styles during 10 days of instant – messaging chats, we’re likely to stay together.† (Bower, 2010) and the article, â€Å"Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication† (Health Day News 2011) show how one’s communication with others, lack of communicational skills. This article speaks of a study done on married couples that explored the amount of mis-communication or lack of communication one may have in their relationship. Although the researchers pointed out some valuable information they gained from their studies, they left much to be questioned when it comes to communication in one’s marriage. Identify the barriers to effective interpersonal interactions†¦ Interpersonal communication barriers compose a negative impact in our everyday life on the way we interact with others; rather it is in our jobs, with our friends or our family life. Reason being, we are all different therefore we all have different personalities, emotions, our priorities differ as well as our emotions. It is difficult to identify all the things that create Interpersonal communication barriers, however, I believe that the root of the problem when entering or within a marriage consist of personal emotions, lack of desire to participate and/or explore in conversation. Emotional barriers in a marriage are the hardest thing to conquer. This is because one’s feeling and/or emotions are more likely the ultimate way in which one bases their decision. The problem with this is one’s feeling and/or emotions are comprised of the things that surround us, such as little sleep, anxiety, problems at work, or just generally having a bad day. That one bad day can lead to a bad decision or unintentionally building barriers to protect our feelings and /or emotions. Working on improving your interpersonal skills will allow you to identify each other’s barrier. Once you are able to identify the barrier of your significant other, approach them with it by asking questions to find the cause of the barrier. In a relationship, it is important to break the barriers as soon as possible. The two other barriers you will want to avoid in your relationship lack of desire to participate and/or explore in conversation. The fastest way to ignite an argument and possible build permanent barriers between one another is when one is trying to communicate with the other and your partner is clearly not interested in what you have to say; one not being willing to explore is the other. The unwillingness to acknowledge the possibility of your spouse ideas, opinions, and priorities can cause them to feel belittled and guarded. Keep in mind this is what you are trying to avoid†¦ Remember, there is no permanent solution in obtaining a perfect marriage but as all things in life, a successful marriage requires patients, self-control, and determination and the more you practice the easier it becomes.